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激光切割加工在工业生产中确定焦点位置方法

作者:   发表时间:2016-8-27 16:57:45

     北京奥康盛泰装饰工程有限公司成立于2003年,主要从事不锈钢加工和激光切割加工,是集加工,销售,安装于一体的公司,公司已经在北京不锈钢和北京激光切割及钣金加工行业中处于前列地位,不锈钢加工厂位于市场内D排7栋8-14号,激光切割加工厂位于B排14栋10-11号。

     公司拥有国际一流设备制造商Bystronic(瑞士百超)生产的大型激光切割机一台,其加工范围4M*2M,加工能力为碳钢0.5mm-25mm;不锈钢0.5mm-20mm;铝板0.5mm-12mm;公司还拥有4米折弯机、4米数控冲床、数控车床、普通车床、4米数控刨槽机、美国进口福禄水刀,并拥有多种焊接设备多套,拥有较强的加工、焊接、组装能力。
 
激光切割加工在工业生产中确定焦点位置的简便方法有三种:
 
(1)打印法:使切割头从上往下运动,在塑料板上进行激光束打印,打印直径最小处为焦点。(2)斜板法:用和垂直轴成一角度斜放的塑料板使其水平拉动,寻找激光束的最小处为焦点。
 
(3)蓝色火花法:去掉喷嘴,吹空气,将脉冲激光打在不锈钢板上,使切割头从上往下运动,直至蓝色火花最大处为焦点。
 
    对于飞行光路的切割机,由于光束发散角,切割近端和远端时光程长短不同,聚焦前的光束尺寸有一定差别。入射光束的直径越大,焦点光斑的直径越小。为了减少因聚焦前光束尺寸变化带来的焦点光斑尺寸的变化,国内外激光切割系统的制造商提供了一些专用的装置供用户选用:
 
  (1)平行光管。这是一种常用的方法,即在CO2激光器的输出端加一平行光管进行扩束处理,扩束后的光束直径变大,发散角变小,使在切割工作范围内近端和远端聚焦前光束尺寸接近一致。
 
  (2)在切割头上增加一独立的移动透镜的下轴,它与控制喷嘴到材料表面距离(stand off)的Z轴是两个相互独立的部分。当机床工作台移动或光轴移动时,光束从近端到远端F轴也同时移动,使光束聚焦后光斑直径在整个加工区域内保持一致。如图二所示。
 
  (3)控制聚焦镜(一般为金属反射聚焦系统)的水压。若聚焦前光束尺寸变小而使焦点光斑直径变大时,自动控制水压改变聚焦曲率使焦点光斑直径变小。
 
(4)飞行光路切割机上增加x、y方向的补偿光路系统。即当切割远端光程增加时使补偿光路缩短;反之当切割近端光程减小时,使补偿光路增加,以保持光程长度一致.文章来源:(http://www.akstzs.cn)
Beijing Ao Kang Shing Decoration Engineering Co., Ltd. was established in 2003, mainly engaged in stainless steel processing and laser cutting, is a collection processing, sales, installation in one of the company, company has been in Beijing, stainless steel and Beijing laser cutting and metal processing industry at the forefront position, stainless steel processing factory is located in market in row D No. 8-14 building 7, laser cutting processing plant in row B, building 14, No. 10-11.
The company has first-class equipment manufacturers Bystronic (Swiss competence in production of large laser cutting machine, one Taiwan, the processing range of 4M*2M, processing capacity for carbon steel 0.5mm-25mm; stainless steel 0.5mm-20mm; aluminum 0.5mm-12mm; company also has 4 meters bending machine, 4 meters CNC punch press, CNC lathe, lathe, 4 meters CNC planer slotting machine, the United States imported Fulu waterjet, and has a variety of welding equipment, many sets, has strong processing, welding, assembly capacity.
There are three simple methods for determining the focal position of laser cutting process in industrial production:
(1) printing method: the cutting head from the top down, the laser beam on the plastic plate printing, printing the smallest diameter of the focus. (2) the inclined plate method: with the vertical shaft into an angle of the plastic board to make it horizontal pull, looking for the minimum point of the laser beam as the focus.
(3) blue spark method: remove the nozzle, blow the air, the pulse laser on the stainless steel plate, so that the cutting head from the top down, until the maximum blue sparks focus.
For the flight path of the cutting machine, due to the divergence angle of the beam, the length of the proximal and distal end of the cutting is different, there is a certain difference in the size of the beam before focusing. The larger the diameter of the incident beam, the smaller the diameter of the focal spot. In order to reduce the change of the focal spot size caused by the change of the beam size before the focus, the manufacturer of the laser cutting system at home and abroad provides some special equipment for the user to choose:
(1) parallel light tube. This is a commonly used method, namely at the output end of the CO2 laser plus a parallel light tube beam expander processing, beam expanding the beam diameter becomes larger, smaller divergence angle, the cutting work within the scope of the proximal and distal focused beam size close to agreement before.
(2) the lower shaft of an independent moving lens is added on the cutting head, and the Z axis of the control nozzle to the material surface distance (off stand) is the two mutually independent part. When the working table of the machine tool moves or the optical axis moves, the beam from the near end to the far end of the F axis is also moving at the same time, so that the beam focus after the spot diameter in the entire processing area to maintain consistency. As shown in figure two.
(3) control of the water pressure of a focusing mirror (typically a metal reflective focusing system). If the size of the focal spot becomes smaller and the diameter of the focal spot becomes larger, the water pressure changes the focus curvature to make the focal spot diameter smaller.
(4) the compensation light path system with X and Y direction on flight optical path cutting machine. That when cutting distal optical path increases the light compensation way to shorten; conversely when cutting proximal optical path decreases, so that the light compensation increase, to maintain the same optical path length. The article source: (http://www.akstzs.cn)